They had two children: George Paget Thomson, who was also awarded a Nobel Prize for his work on the wave properties of the electron, and Joan Paget Thomson (later Charnock), who became an author, writing children's books, non-fiction and biographies. She attended demonstrations and lectures, among them Thomson's. Mary the Less, was interested in physics. Rose Paget, daughter of Sir George Edward Paget, a physician and then Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge at the church of St. Beginning in 1882, women could attend demonstrations and lectures at the University of Cambridge. In 1890, Thomson married Rose Elisabeth Paget. Thomson received his Master of Arts degree (with Adams Prize) in 1883. He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881. In 1880, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics ( Second Wrangler in the Tripos and 2nd Smith's Prize). He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1876. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp, Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873.
Thomson began experimenting with contact electrification and soon published his first scientific paper. In 1870, he was admitted to Owens College in Manchester (now University of Manchester) at the unusually young age of 14 and came under the influence of Balfour Stewart, Professor of Physics, who initiated Thomson into physical research. His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. Thomson was a reserved yet devout Anglican. He had a brother, Frederick Vernon Thomson, who was two years younger than he was. His father, Joseph James Thomson, ran an antiquarian bookshop founded by Thomson's great-grandfather. His mother, Emma Swindells, came from a local textile family. Joseph John Thomson was born on 18 December 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Lancashire, England. Thomson was also a teacher, and several of his students also went on to win Nobel Prizes. Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases. His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass spectrograph. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles (now called electrons), which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large charge-to-mass ratio. Sir Joseph John Thomson OM FRS (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was a British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be discovered.
Third, I shall claim that Thomson did replicate Hertz's experiment to a higher degree than did Perrin by means of an analysis different from Mattingly's.Owens College (now the University of Manchester)
Second, I shall propose a general theory, based on the notion of the degree of replication. First, I shall build a theoretical scheme to analyze the structure of experimentation in virtue of the means-end relation. So the aim of the present paper can be laid out by the following points. I propose we should tackle the general problem of an experiment's replication by considering ends and means together. He concluded that Thomson did in fact replicate Hertz's experiment, while Perrin did not. Mattingly (200 I) thought that Buchwald made a mistake in focusing on Hertz's experimental instruments and suggested that we should focus instead on Hertz's experimental goal. He concluded that both failed to achieve their purpose. Thomson's attempt to replicate Hertz's cathode ray experiment. Over ten years ago Buchwald (1995a) discussed Jean Perrin and J.
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